Mining Engineering Science: Study Materials

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Thursday, 1 June 2017

Dear Readers,

Here I am going to share you multiple choice questions for various competitive exams for mining engineering like gate, GPSC, UPSC . It will be helpful to all readers who are preparing for this.

find all questions at this link.

LIGHTING AND SAFETY LAMPS STANDARDS IN MINE

17:21 circular, DGMS, engineer, Mining, Study Materials No comments

Dear Readers,

"LIGHTING AND SAFETY LAMPS STANDARDS IN MINE" is always a hot topic of conversation in today's. Some circulars and amendment issued by DGMS made some doubts in everyone's mind. Here I have provided complete guide for removing some common misunderstanding from our blog readers. You can access this from below given link.

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GATE END BOX | An Important Electrical Equipment For Underground Mines

17:22 Mining, Study Materials No comments

GATE END BOX

It is used to supply 550 volt AC to the coal cutting machine working at coal faces. The maximum distance of gate end box from the machine is 100 meter. For putting ON, OFF the switch at 550 volt on the machine itself may produce a spark which is turn may ignite firedamp or coal dust. Hence to avoid this there is pilot switch on the coal cutting machine which works at 30 volts. When this switch is operated at the CCM, it operates the main switch at gate end box to supply power to the CCM.

The gate end box is always placed in the fresh air, so that there is no danger of gas on coal dust explosion due to spark. The gate end box is used to supply the power to the CCM trough a five core cable (three power core, one pilot core & one earth in core). The main switch of the CCM which works on 550 volts is placed at the gate end box & it is operated by switch which is located at 30 volts, hence CCM is known as “Remote Control Machine”.

How Gate End Box is Made Flame Proof?

A flame proof enclosure is one which will withstand without injury & explosion of gas that may occur within it & will prevent the transmission of flame.

In fact it would be impossible to design the gas tight enclosure hence the alternative is therefore to construct it so that flame coming out from the explosion of gas will not pass outside.

The Requirements of FLP are as follows

1) At joint of enclosure, it should not have gap more than 0.5 mm.

2) IF there is any hole, it must be blocked by a screw etc.

3) It should have sufficient strength.

4) All heads of screw/bolts should be cored.

5) All external circuit conductors must not pass through the casing but must terminate in properly designed terminal box.

Advantages of Remote Control (Gate End Box)

1) Closing & opening of coal cutting machine (CCM) motor is done away from the face which is well ventilated & safe.

2) If the pilot conductors are opening circuited the main conductor automatically trips.

3) If the trailing cable is damaged causing short circuit, the main conductor automatically trips.

4) If the supply fails or flexible cable is removed or the plug are not fully inserted then again main conductor trips.

5) After the insertion of power the coal cutting machine (CCM) motor can’t be started until the starter handle is put back to off position & then to on position.

6) Control on the coal cutting machine (CCM) is simple & easy to operate.

7) Power core is flexible cable is allow only when the coal cutting machine (CCM) is running.

Main Safety Provisions of Gate End Box

1) Overload or short circuit protection.

2) Lower voltage or power failure protection.

3) Earth continuity protection.

4) Earth leakage protection

5) Pilot protection.

6) Flame proof protection.

7) Mechanical protection.

1) Overload or Short Circuit Protection: In case of overloading or short circuiting the coal cutting machine (CCM) will draw more current hence more current flows flow in the power cable & this more current may overheat the motor of coal cutting machine (CCM) which is working at the face, hence it is required that in case of overloading the machine should be trip automatically as shown. The over current flow in the overloading coil L₁, L₂ & L₃ exert an extra force on plunger of dash peat which brakes the pilot circuit at d1 & d2.

Hence the current flows in the coil Y & C₁ & C₂ are disconnected & again no current flow in the coil Z. hence main conductor is operated to trip the power supply to the machine.

2) Lower Voltage or Power Failure Protection: The pilot circuit is so designed that if the voltage falls below 60% of the normal voltage the coil Y will not generate force to close C₁ & C₂.

3) Earth Continuity Protection: The pilot circuit is so designed that the machine can’t be started till the earth continuity is established. It is so because pilot circuit is completed through earth in wire only. If the earth in breaks it means no current flow in the pilot circuit or in coil.

4) Earth Leakage Protection: If the flexible cable is partially damaged then the insulation between earth in wire & power cores may get cracked through these cracks the leakage of current takes place & balance of current in the leakage transformer is distributed. Due to this a voltage is induced in the leakage transformer & a force is exerted by the coil by on the plunger to break the pilot circuit at E₁ & E₂. (If the pilot core is breaks, no current is flown in the coil & C₁ & C₂are disconnected & no current flow in coil Z)

5) Flame Proof Protection: Whole gate end box is enclosed in flame proof enclosure.

6) Mechanical Protection: The design of gate end box should be such that it should not be opened till the insulator is in off position & all the apparatus are dead & safe.

Why Pilot Circuits are used?

Pilot circuits are used primarily in the interest of safety. Following main considerations are,

1) The use of a pilot circuit make it possible to provide a number of specific and particular safely measured like -

a) Pilot circuit ensures that the machine cannot self start after a power-failure, or tripping, even if the remote control switch has been left in the run position.

b) Makes sure that the machine will not operate if earth continuity is interrupted.

c) The pilot circuit itself fails if it becomes faulty.

d) If anyone inadvertently attempts to disconnect a live trailing cable, the live parts are exposed.

e) In case of emergency the pilot switch is near at hand to switch off the circuit.

f) When the motor is not running the trailing cable is dead.

2) When a circuit carrying heavy current is broken, arcs at the main contacts are pretty severe. It is therefore preferable that this arcing should take place in the gate end rather than at the face where an explosive mixture of fire damp and arc is more likely to occur. Due to the pilot circuit, the circuit can be broken without causing any severe arc at the face, as the safety is ensured by causing arc to take place inside the flameproof enclosure of the gate end.

3) A pilot circuit is designed as an intrinsically safe circuit.

Pilot Circuit: Some standard pilot circuits used in the modern Gate End Box

There will be other contacts in the pilot circuit e.g. those opened by the Earth Fault Relay when there is an earth fault.

How does a Pilot Switch Operate?

To start the machine, the pilot switch is moved to the start position. By doing this the circuit is closed or completed from the secondary winding of the transformer through the operating coil, pilot conductor, pilot switch and the earth core of the trailing cable and back to the transformer. In this start position, as the circuit is closed, the cost of the operating relay is energised, and its contacts close, completing the medium voltage circuit through the contactor operating coil. This coil then closes the three phase main contactor. As soon as the motor has started, the pilot switch moves to the RUN position, bringing the current limiting resistor into circuit. The resistor limits the current flowing in the pilot circuit to a value just sufficient to hold the operating relay closed. To stop the, machine the remote control switch is moved to the stop position. The pilot circuit is then interrupted, and the coil of the operating relay is de-energised. The operating relay therefore, opens, breaking the circuit to the operating coil which allows the three phase contactor to open and then stop the motor.

Earth continuity failure protection:-

In figure seen that the earth core of the trailing provides earth continuity between the machine and the gate end panel. In fact from the figure, we see this earth core is also apart of the pilot circuit. Therefore, if the earth continuity is broken, the pilot circuit is also broken and the three phase contactor opens. Therefore it is not possible to start up the machine as long as the fault continues.

Protection against self-starting:-

Due to a fault in the distribution system or line, or if the power to the area is switched off for any reason, the supply to the transformer and thus to the pilot circuit will cease. As such the operating relay and the contactor will therefore open. The pilot switch may be left in the RUN position, but the machine will not start automatically when the supply is restored. This is because of the fact that though the circuit through the current limiting resistor and the operating relay coil again becomes live, the current passed by the resistor is not sufficient to close the operating relay. The machine in fact cam only start when the operator moves the pilot switch to the START position, as resistor is designed so that it cannot remain in the START position; if the operator releases it in the START position, it moves automatically to RUN position of the pilot switch.

Failure to Safety: Now let us look at fig. when short circuit between the pilot and earth cores in the trailing cable completes the circuit through the operating relay, and if the pilot circuit were not to fail to safety, such a fault would cause the motor to start immediately. In fact, if the motor was running, it would become impossible to stop switch.

However, failure to safety is ensured by the remote rectifier and the operating relay. When the circuit is operating normally, the rectifier at the pilot switch permits only pulses of direct current to flow in the circuit, that is, each positive half-cycle of the alternating supply. The operating relay is designed to operate only on this type of current. In the event of a short circuit between the pilot switch is bypassed and a full alternating current flows in the circuit. The operating relay, due to its higher impedance to a fault wave A.C. current, is de-energised and the contacts of this relay immediately open and break the operating coil circuit so that the motor cannot run.

Protection against disconnecting the live cable is provided by the design of the plugs and sockets used to connect the trailing cable to the machine and to the gate end panel. On each plug the pin of the pilot coil is shorter than those of the other cores. When the plug is withdrawn from the socket, the pilot pin breaks contact before the others. If the cable is live when the plug is withdrawn, the pilot circuit is broken and the main contactor opens while the power cores and the earth core are still connected. Open arcing at the plug when the power lines are broken is, therefore, eliminated and the danger of electric shock is minimised to a very great extent.

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MCQ Multiple Choice Questions | Answer | DGMS Exam | CBT

19:11 DGMS, MCQ, question paper, Study Materials No comments

Dear Readers,

On your request of multiple choice questions for preparation of Second Class and First Class Coal and Metal Online Exam of Computer Based Test conducted by DGMS, We have added it to below given link.

1. MCQ-1 | MINE LEGISLATION |Click Here|

2. Cumming Soon...

3. Cumming Soon...

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National Safety Awards (Mines)

18:53 Mining, Study Materials No comments

Numeric Questions for Objective exams from Legislation

14:40 DGMS, Ebook, Exam, first class, Metal, Mining, second class, Study Materials No comments

As DGMS has made statutory exams online it is now important to have basic idea and knowledge about numeric example from coal mines regulations , metal mines regulations and Mines act and mines rules. All examples are illustrated in following e book which is linked here.

In exam it may be important to solve objective type of questions having numeric questions for first class and second class exam of coal and metal.

Go to following link for downloading said book.

Download

DGMS CIRCULAR 2014 | Latest all circular | Download Pdf | Free

18:18 circular, DGMS, Ebook, Study Materials No comments

Hi friends,

Today I am back with all new DGMS circulars released in 2014. You can download it without any hassle because our new web hosting service. All this circulars are very important for all mining persons working or studying in India.

Approval Circular 01/2014
Approval circular for use of reflective harness, safety goggles and ear plugs
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Approval Circular 03/2014
Approval circular for use of Helmets in coal metal and oil mines
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Approval Circular 04/2014
Approval circular for use of Shoes in coal, metal and oil mimes of india
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Exam Circular 01/2014
Practical experience certificate from non operative metalliferous mines
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Legislation Circular 01/2014
Criteria to determine mining accidents : mining statistical, mining non statically, non mining
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Technical Circular 01/2014
Campaign on risk calculator
Download

Technical Circular 02/2014
Take five (personal risk assessment)
Download

Technical Circular 03/2014
Accident due to dump failure
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Technical Circular 04/2014
Provisions for two intake airway for ventilating districts
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Technical Circular 05/2014
Accident due to roof fall
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Keep visiting... Be updated...

Mining Tyres | Off The Road Tyres | OTR Tyres

17:42 engineer, Etc, Mining, Study Materials No comments

SELECTION, OPERATION, MAINTENANCE AND STORAGE OF OTR (OFF THE ROAD) TYRES

Uses and characteristics of OTR.
The qualities which OTR must possess differ somewhat according to the function they must serve and the type of vehicles on which they are mounted.

Tyres are two types.
# Bias Tyre.
# Radial tyre.

# Structure and functions of OTR components.
* Steel radial type: - consists of four primary components. Casing piles, beads, belts and tread. These four components are primarily responsible for the tyre’s fundamental characteristics.

# Proper Tyre selection: -
In selecting the tyres suited for your specific requirements, all the factors which may affect the tyre must be taken in to account.
The following conditions, for example, make selection of the proper tyre more difficult.
* When climate changes are extreme (temperature, rain fall)
* When several types of vehicles by different makers are in use.
* When tyres are subject to hazards by both heat and cutting at the same time.
In these cases, the worst possible conditions should be estimated and tyres selected to meet those conditions.

¤ Type of vehicle
* Make, model.
* Maximum capacity of load.
* Maximum speed and horse power.
* Tyre size, star rating and ply rating.

¤ Operating conditions
* Climate
* Roads
* Operating speed
* Operating load
* Operating Tons KM per Hour
* Maintenance

¤ Performance expected
* Serviceability expected
* Heat and cut resistance
* Re capability
* Maneuverability
* Customer’s requirements

¤ Selection
*Correct tyre size, star rating and ply rating, type and tread pattern
*Correct specification of tyres.
*Correct inflation pressures.

¤ Proper tyre use
To get the most out of your tyres, tyres should be used correctly. Misuse of tyres will be inevitably resulting in rapid wearing and shortened serviceability, in some cases there is even a danger of ACCIDENTS.
To use tyres correctly the following five points must be observed with co-operation from five members of your staff
.

* Correct inflation pressures: - Tyre man
* Specified load: - Shovel operator
* Prescribed vehicle speed: - Driver
* Proper vehicle maintenance: - Mechanics
* Full road maintenance: - Road maintenance staff

# Storage and Transportation of OTR
Tyre stock is divided in to New, Used and Worn out tyres.

¤ Grouping
* New tyres (not mounted on rims)
* New/used tyres (mounted on rims)
* Demounted tyres…..worn out, to be repaired
* Spare tyres (re usable, repaired, recapped)
* Scrapped tyres

# Method of storage
¤ New tyres
* Indoor storage. A cool, dark, dryplace.
* Outdoor storage. Covered with water proof tarpaulin.
* Tyres not mounted on rims must not be laid on top of one another.
* Keep away from motors, power switch boxes and cables, fuels and lubricants.
* Keep fire extinguisher ready for use.
* Do not remove bead protector or steel band until you are ready to mount the tyre.

¤ Used tyres
* Storage methods are the same as those used for new tyres.
* Remove stones and nails from tyres before storage.
* Attach a tag showing the tyre’s outer diameter for easy reference when the tyre is used again.

¤ Tyres on vehicles (when vehicle is not in operation)
* If possible, place the vehicle on jacks to keep the weight off the tyres.
* Cover tyres with tarpaulin.
* If the vehicle cannot be placed on jacks, move the vehicle once a month to prevent permanent distortion of tyres and keep the inflation pressure as prescribed.
* Do not paint tyres.

¤ Tubes
* New tubes should be kept packaged and in a cool, dry place.
* Used tubes should be deflated, cleaned and stored.
* Arrange tubes in storage by size.

DGMS Circular 2010 | Download | PDF

15:00 circular, DGMS, engineer, Etc, Mining, Study Materials No comments

DGMS Circular 2010

As usual I am providing you all latest circular of DGMS. Here is a list of DGMS Circular 2010.
If you like this then please click on like button given on right side of this page.
You can also share this to Facebook, twitter, linked in and many more.
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DGMS (Approval)/AVA/ 01

Audio visual Alarm for surface transport Machinery & other Heavy earth Moving Machinery

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DGMS (Tech.) (S&T) Circular No.01

Respirable Dust Measurements and Control to Prevent Pneumoconiosis in Mines.

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DGMS/ S&T/Tech. Cir. (Approval) No. 2

Standard Components and Properties of Rigid Steel Props, Chocks & Cogs to be used in Mines

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DGMS (Tech.) (S&T) Circular No. 02

Design, Control and Monitoring of Pit and Dump Slopes in Opencast Mines

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DGMS/ S&T/Tech. Cir. (Approval) No. 3

Standard Components and Properties of Steel Roof Bolts to be used in Mines

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DGMS (Technical circular)/5

Safety features to be incorporated in Tippers / Trucks

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RECOMMENDATIONS OF CONFERENCES ON SAFETY IN MINES | SAFETY CONFERENCE | DGMS

13:58 circular, DGMS, Ebook, engineer, Etc, Mining, Study Materials No comments

As all of us know that safety conferences are conducted within certain time periods. All safety aspects related to mining are discussed there for making mining more safer. That is the main reason that every mining engineer must have access to Recommendations of Safety Conferences. And just because of this Recommendations of Safety Conferences are frequently asked in Statutory Examinations held by DGMS. Here I am posting you all Recommendations of Safety Conferences, which you can download. If you like our service than must share this with your friends on Facebook or other social networking sites.

You can also subscribe to our articles by email, for subscribing our articles fill your email address on box given ---> right side of this page. For receiving updates about our all new post you can also like us at Facebook.

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Recommendations Of The First Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In Calcutta On 5th-6th August, 1958

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Recommendations Of The Second Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In Calcutta On 9th-10th July, 1966

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Recommendations Of The Third Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In Calcutta On 14th-15th July, 1973

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Recommendations Of The Fourth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In Calcutta On 24th December; 1978

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Recommendations Of Fifth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held Ill New Delhi On 26-27 December, 1980

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Recommendations Of Sixth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In New Delhi On 13th & 14th January, 1986

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Recommendations Of Seventh Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In New Delhi On 19th & 20th Dec., 1988

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Recommendations Of Eighth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held In New Delhi On 14th May, 1993

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Recommendations Of Ninth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held On 2nd-3rd February, 2000 At New Delhi

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Recommendations Of The Tenth Conference On Safety In Mines

Held On 26th And 27th November 2007, At New Delhi.

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Recommendations Of 11th Conference On Safety In Mines

Held On 4th & 5th July, 2013 At New Delhi.

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World's NEW Largest Dumper Truck

12:33 engineer, Etc, Mining, photos, Study Materials No comments

Belaz 75710 is more than 65ft long, 26ft high and can carry 450 tons of debris.
It can even thunder along at 40mph. The Belaz 75710 was unveiled today and its makers in the former Soviet republic of Belarus plan to submit it for inclusion in the Guinness Book of Records.

Belaz debuted its latest dump truck last month, and the Belarusian company claims it to be the biggest in the world. The 75710 can carry a staggering 496-ton (equivalent to 450 metric tons) payload, and will be used in open mines on temporary roads. To put the size of the truck into perspective, take a look at one of its eight tires, which is twice as tall as an average-size person!

Two 16-cylinder turbocharged diesel engines with a combined capacity of 130 liters power the mining truck, with help from an electromechanical transmission to put the power to the ground. Each engine produces 2,300 horsepower for a combined 4,600 hp, yet that number seems paltry when considering the combined torque rating: 13,738 pound-feet of torque! All that power nets a top speed of just 40 miles per hour, but at least the weight distribution evens out with a full payload. Speaking of full payloads, the truck has a max weight of 893 tons filled to the brim.
Belaz's chief designer for mining vehicles, Leonid Trukhnov, says the 75710 is the first 496-ton mining truck made, and the company is submitting documents to claim a Guinness World Record.
Watch the images of the Belaz 75710 below, and notice how small people standing next to it look compared to the enormous machine.

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Mining Dictionary | pdf | Mining and Mineral terms

13:39 Ebook, engineer, Etc, Mining, Study Materials No comments

Hello Mining Engineers,
I think many of you have find need of dictionary while reading mining books  or writing about mining articles or answers. As there are many dictionaries available in market and also online but the most of dictionaries doesn't have all mining terms or special mining meanings of words. If you may also have searched for this on internet or market, but didn't find your need? Then it's for you.
Here I am providing you a fully dedicated mining dictionary with all mining terms for FREE . For your ease it's converted into .pdf form . You can use this in your computers and also in smart phones. I received this request for pure mining dictionary from our blog reader who is a mining student. And by the way it's helpful for mining students. I also have posted an article about free mining dictionary for android mobile. If you are interested then please visit above given link.

Click here to Download

File Details:
Size: 13.7 Mb
Pages: 3660 Pages
Format: Pdf
Type: Mining Dictionary English

Click on skip this ads after cliking on above given download link to start download.
If you like this post then now it's your turn for liking our Facebook page. Click on like button and get all mining updates. You can also share this with your friends by using sharing buttons at top. If you have any question or confused about this post then comment in below given box. Send us your feedbacks at mining016@gmail.com or fill form at contact us page.

DGMS Circular 2011 | Download | All

17:49 circular, DGMS, Ebook, engineer, Mining, Study Materials No comments

DGMS Circular 2011

As usual I am providing you all latest circular of DGMS. Here is a list of DGMS Circular 2011.
If you like this then please click on like button given on right side of this page.
You can also share this to Facebook, twitter, linked in and many more.
Click on share button given at the end of this post.
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DGMS (Tech) Circular 1 of 2011.pdf

Guidelines on Occupational Health Survey

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DGMS (Tech) Circular 2 of 2011.pdf

Safety Management System - Provision for auditing and Review

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DGMS Tech Cir. 4 of 2011.pdf

Traning for operators in HEMM using simulators

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DGMS(Tech) Circular 5 of 2011.pdf

DGMS (Tech) Circular 5 of 2011: Additional PME Formats

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DGMS Circulars 2012 | Download | Updated

17:19 circular, DGMS, Ebook, Mining, Study Materials No comments

DGMS Circulars 2012

As usual I am providing you all latest circular of DGMS. Here is a list of DGMS Circular 2012.
If you like this then please click on like button given on right side of this page.
You can also share this to Facebook, twitter, linked in and many more.
Click on share button given at the end of this post.

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updated: direct download without ads

DGMS (Genl) Circular No. 1 of 2012.pdf

Appointment of Engineers to hold general charge of machinery

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DGMS (Tech) Circular 1 of 2012.pdf

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